{"id":101,"date":"2020-04-29T14:07:13","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T14:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/?post_type=chapter&p=101"},"modified":"2022-08-11T18:17:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T18:17:00","slug":"key-terms-of-the-biological-basis-of-behaviour","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/chapter\/key-terms-of-the-biological-basis-of-behaviour\/","title":{"raw":"Key Terms of the Biological Basis of Behaviour","rendered":"Key Terms of the Biological Basis of Behaviour"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n \t
action potential<\/dt>\r\n \t
electrical signal that moves down the neurone\u2019s axon<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
agonist<\/dt>\r\n \t
drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
all-or-none<\/dt>\r\n \t
phenomenon that incoming signal from another neurone is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
amygdala<\/dt>\r\n \t
structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
antagonist<\/dt>\r\n \t
drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\nassociation cortex\r\n<\/strong>areas of the cortex that are not primary sensory areas, responsible for more complex processing and combining information from multiple senses<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
auditory cortex<\/dt>\r\n \t
strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
autonomic nervous system<\/dt>\r\n \t
controls our internal organs and glands<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
axon<\/dt>\r\n \t
major extension of the soma<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
biological perspective<\/dt>\r\n \t
view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
Broca\u2019s area<\/dt>\r\n \t
region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
central nervous system (CNS)<\/dt>\r\n \t
brain and spinal cord<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\ncentral sulcus\r\n<\/strong>a deep groove separating the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobes<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
cerebellum<\/dt>\r\n \t
hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
cerebral cortex<\/dt>\r\n \t
surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
computerized tomography (CT) scan<\/dt>\r\n \t
imaging technique in which a computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a given area<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\ncontralateral\r\n<\/strong>a term that refers to something on the opposite side of the body from a particular structure or phenomenon. Eg. The left hemisphere is contralateral to the right hand.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
corpus callosum<\/dt>\r\n \t
thick band of neural fibres connecting the brain\u2019s two hemispheres<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\ndegradation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nthe process by which an enzyme breaks neurotransmitters in the synaptic\u00a0cleft down into\u00a0their components so that they can no longer interact with the receptors on the post synaptic neurone.<\/em>\r\n
\r\n \t
dendrite<\/dt>\r\n \t
branch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neurones<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
electroencephalography (EEG)<\/dt>\r\n \t
recording the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes on the scalp<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
fight or flight response<\/dt>\r\n \t
activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
forebrain<\/dt>\r\n \t
largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
frontal lobe<\/dt>\r\n \t
part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language; contains motor cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\nFrontal Lobe Syndrome\r\n<\/strong>a set of common symptoms that can occur after damage to the frontal lobe, affecting motivation, planning, social behaviour, and language\/speech production<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)<\/dt>\r\n \t
MRI that shows changes in metabolic activity over time<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
glial cell<\/dt>\r\n \t
nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurones, including neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
gyrus<\/dt>\r\n \t
(plural: gyri) bump or ridge on the cerebral cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
hemisphere<\/dt>\r\n \t
left or right half of the brain<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
hindbrain<\/dt>\r\n \t
division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
hippocampus<\/dt>\r\n \t
structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
homeostasis<\/dt>\r\n \t
state of equilibrium\u2014biological conditions, such as body temperature, are maintained at optimal levels<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\nhomunculus\r\n<\/strong>a human figure in which the size of different parts represents the relative amount of cortical space that corresponds to each body part<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
hypothalamus<\/dt>\r\n \t
forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behaviour and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
lateralization<\/dt>\r\n \t
concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
limbic system<\/dt>\r\n \t
collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
longitudinal fissure<\/dt>\r\n \t
deep groove in the brain\u2019s cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/dt>\r\n \t
magnetic fields used to produce a picture of the tissue being imaged<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
medulla<\/dt>\r\n \t
hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
membrane potential<\/dt>\r\n \t
difference in charge across the neuronal membrane<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
midbrain<\/dt>\r\n \t
division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular formation<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
motor cortex<\/dt>\r\n \t
strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
myelin sheath<\/dt>\r\n \t
fatty substance that insulates axons<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
neuron<\/dt>\r\n \t
cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
neuroplasticity<\/dt>\r\n \t
nervous system's ability to change<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
neurotransmitter<\/dt>\r\n \t
chemical messenger of the nervous system<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
Nodes of Ranvier<\/dt>\r\n \t
open spaces that are found in the myelin sheath that encases the axon<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
occipital lobe<\/dt>\r\n \t
part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
parasympathetic nervous system<\/dt>\r\n \t
associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
parietal lobe<\/dt>\r\n \t
part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
peripheral nervous system (PNS)<\/dt>\r\n \t
connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs and senses in the periphery of the body<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
pituitary gland<\/dt>\r\n \t
secretes a number of key hormones, which regulate fluid levels in the body, and a number of messenger hormones, which direct the activity of other glands in the endocrine system<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
pons<\/dt>\r\n \t
hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
positron emission tomography (PET) scan<\/dt>\r\n \t
involves injecting individuals with a mildly radioactive substance and monitoring changes in blood flow to different regions of the brain<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
prefrontal cortex<\/dt>\r\n \t
area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\nprimary gustatory cortex\r\n<\/strong>an area that includes a portion of the frontal lobe as well as the insula, buried inside the lateral fissure and responsible for processing information about flavour<\/span><\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nprimary olfactory area\r\n<\/strong>an area on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe that is responsible for processing information about smells<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nprimary visual cortex\r\n<\/strong>an area at the back of the occipital lobe that is responsible for processing visual information<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
psychotropic medication<\/dt>\r\n \t
drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
receptor<\/dt>\r\n \t
protein on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
resting potential<\/dt>\r\n \t
the state of readiness of a neurone membrane\u2019s potential between signals<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
reuptake<\/dt>\r\n \t
neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neurone that released it<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
semipermeable membrane<\/dt>\r\n \t
cell membrane that allows smaller molecules or molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
soma<\/dt>\r\n \t
cell body<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
somatic nervous system<\/dt>\r\n \t
relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
somatosensory cortex<\/dt>\r\n \t
essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n\r\nsomatotopy\r\n<\/strong>the matching arrangement of body parts and their representation in the cerebral cortex<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
substantia nigra<\/dt>\r\n \t
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
sulcus<\/dt>\r\n \t
(plural: sulci) depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
sympathetic nervous system<\/dt>\r\n \t
involved in stress-related activities and functions<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
synaptic cleft<\/dt>\r\n \t
small gap between two neurones where communication occurs<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
synaptic vesicle<\/dt>\r\n \t
storage site for neurotransmitters<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
temporal lobe<\/dt>\r\n \t
part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
terminal button<\/dt>\r\n \t
axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
thalamus<\/dt>\r\n \t
sensory relay for the brain<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
threshold of excitation<\/dt>\r\n \t
level of charge in the membrane that causes the neurone to become active<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
ventral tegmental area (VTA)<\/dt>\r\n \t
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood, reward, and addiction<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
Wernicke\u2019s area<\/dt>\r\n \t
important for speech comprehension<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
action potential<\/dt>\n
electrical signal that moves down the neurone\u2019s axon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
agonist<\/dt>\n
drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
all-or-none<\/dt>\n
phenomenon that incoming signal from another neurone is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
amygdala<\/dt>\n
structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
antagonist<\/dt>\n
drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

association cortex
\n<\/strong>areas of the cortex that are not primary sensory areas, responsible for more complex processing and combining information from multiple senses<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
auditory cortex<\/dt>\n
strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
autonomic nervous system<\/dt>\n
controls our internal organs and glands<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
axon<\/dt>\n
major extension of the soma<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
biological perspective<\/dt>\n
view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Broca\u2019s area<\/dt>\n
region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
central nervous system (CNS)<\/dt>\n
brain and spinal cord<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

central sulcus
\n<\/strong>a deep groove separating the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobes<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
cerebellum<\/dt>\n
hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
cerebral cortex<\/dt>\n
surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
computerized tomography (CT) scan<\/dt>\n
imaging technique in which a computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a given area<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

contralateral
\n<\/strong>a term that refers to something on the opposite side of the body from a particular structure or phenomenon. Eg. The left hemisphere is contralateral to the right hand.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
corpus callosum<\/dt>\n
thick band of neural fibres connecting the brain\u2019s two hemispheres<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

degradation<\/strong><\/p>\n

the process by which an enzyme breaks neurotransmitters in the synaptic\u00a0cleft down into\u00a0their components so that they can no longer interact with the receptors on the post synaptic neurone.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n
dendrite<\/dt>\n
branch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neurones<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
electroencephalography (EEG)<\/dt>\n
recording the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes on the scalp<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
fight or flight response<\/dt>\n
activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
forebrain<\/dt>\n
largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
frontal lobe<\/dt>\n
part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language; contains motor cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

Frontal Lobe Syndrome
\n<\/strong>a set of common symptoms that can occur after damage to the frontal lobe, affecting motivation, planning, social behaviour, and language\/speech production<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)<\/dt>\n
MRI that shows changes in metabolic activity over time<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
glial cell<\/dt>\n
nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurones, including neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
gyrus<\/dt>\n
(plural: gyri) bump or ridge on the cerebral cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
hemisphere<\/dt>\n
left or right half of the brain<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
hindbrain<\/dt>\n
division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
hippocampus<\/dt>\n
structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
homeostasis<\/dt>\n
state of equilibrium\u2014biological conditions, such as body temperature, are maintained at optimal levels<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

homunculus
\n<\/strong>a human figure in which the size of different parts represents the relative amount of cortical space that corresponds to each body part<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
hypothalamus<\/dt>\n
forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behaviour and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
lateralization<\/dt>\n
concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
limbic system<\/dt>\n
collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
longitudinal fissure<\/dt>\n
deep groove in the brain\u2019s cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/dt>\n
magnetic fields used to produce a picture of the tissue being imaged<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
medulla<\/dt>\n
hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
membrane potential<\/dt>\n
difference in charge across the neuronal membrane<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
midbrain<\/dt>\n
division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular formation<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
motor cortex<\/dt>\n
strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
myelin sheath<\/dt>\n
fatty substance that insulates axons<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
neuron<\/dt>\n
cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
neuroplasticity<\/dt>\n
nervous system’s ability to change<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
neurotransmitter<\/dt>\n
chemical messenger of the nervous system<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Nodes of Ranvier<\/dt>\n
open spaces that are found in the myelin sheath that encases the axon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
occipital lobe<\/dt>\n
part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
parasympathetic nervous system<\/dt>\n
associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
parietal lobe<\/dt>\n
part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
peripheral nervous system (PNS)<\/dt>\n
connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs and senses in the periphery of the body<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
pituitary gland<\/dt>\n
secretes a number of key hormones, which regulate fluid levels in the body, and a number of messenger hormones, which direct the activity of other glands in the endocrine system<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
pons<\/dt>\n
hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
positron emission tomography (PET) scan<\/dt>\n
involves injecting individuals with a mildly radioactive substance and monitoring changes in blood flow to different regions of the brain<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
prefrontal cortex<\/dt>\n
area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

primary gustatory cortex
\n<\/strong>an area that includes a portion of the frontal lobe as well as the insula, buried inside the lateral fissure and responsible for processing information about flavour<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

primary olfactory area
\n<\/strong>an area on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe that is responsible for processing information about smells<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

primary visual cortex
\n<\/strong>an area at the back of the occipital lobe that is responsible for processing visual information<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
psychotropic medication<\/dt>\n
drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
receptor<\/dt>\n
protein on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
resting potential<\/dt>\n
the state of readiness of a neurone membrane\u2019s potential between signals<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
reuptake<\/dt>\n
neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neurone that released it<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
semipermeable membrane<\/dt>\n
cell membrane that allows smaller molecules or molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
soma<\/dt>\n
cell body<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
somatic nervous system<\/dt>\n
relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
somatosensory cortex<\/dt>\n
essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n

somatotopy
\n<\/strong>the matching arrangement of body parts and their representation in the cerebral cortex<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
substantia nigra<\/dt>\n
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sulcus<\/dt>\n
(plural: sulci) depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sympathetic nervous system<\/dt>\n
involved in stress-related activities and functions<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
synaptic cleft<\/dt>\n
small gap between two neurones where communication occurs<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
synaptic vesicle<\/dt>\n
storage site for neurotransmitters<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
temporal lobe<\/dt>\n
part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
terminal button<\/dt>\n
axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
thalamus<\/dt>\n
sensory relay for the brain<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
threshold of excitation<\/dt>\n
level of charge in the membrane that causes the neurone to become active<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
ventral tegmental area (VTA)<\/dt>\n
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood, reward, and addiction<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Wernicke\u2019s area<\/dt>\n
important for speech comprehension<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":23,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2296,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/101\/revisions\/2296"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/23"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/101\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=101"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=101"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}