{"id":274,"date":"2020-05-05T18:35:43","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T18:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/?post_type=chapter&p=274"},"modified":"2022-10-28T16:13:28","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T16:13:28","slug":"key-terms-in-memory","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/chapter\/key-terms-in-memory\/","title":{"raw":"Key Terms for Memory","rendered":"Key Terms for Memory"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n \t
absentmindedness<\/dt>\r\n \t
lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
acoustic encoding<\/dt>\r\n \t
input of sounds, words, and music<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
amnesia<\/dt>\r\n \t
loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
anterograde amnesia<\/dt>\r\n \t
loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
arousal theory<\/dt>\r\n \t
strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
Atkinson-Shiffrin model<\/dt>\r\n \t
memory model that states we process information through three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
automatic processing<\/dt>\r\n \t
encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
bias<\/dt>\r\n \t
how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
blocking<\/dt>\r\n \t
memory error in which you cannot access stored information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
chunking<\/dt>\r\n \t
organizing information into manageable bits or chunks<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
construction<\/dt>\r\n \t
formulation of new memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
declarative memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
effortful processing<\/dt>\r\n \t
encoding of information that takes effort and attention<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
elaborative rehearsal<\/dt>\r\n \t
thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
encoding<\/dt>\r\n \t
input of information into the memory system<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
engram<\/dt>\r\n \t
physical trace of memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
episodic memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
equipotentiality hypothesis<\/dt>\r\n \t
some parts of the brain can take over for damaged parts in forming and storing memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
explicit memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
memories we consciously try to remember and recall<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
false memory syndrome<\/dt>\r\n \t
recall of false autobiographical memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
flashbulb memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
exceptionally clear recollection of an important event<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
forgetting<\/dt>\r\n \t
loss of information from long-term memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
implicit memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
memories that are not part of our consciousness<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
levels of processing<\/dt>\r\n \t
information that is thought of more deeply becomes more meaningful and thus better committed to memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
long-term memory (LTM)<\/dt>\r\n \t
continuous storage of information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\nlobectomy<\/strong>\r\na surgical procedure in which a lobe (a portion or in its entirety) is removed from the brain<\/span><\/span><\/em>\r\n
\r\n \t
memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
memory-enhancing strategy<\/dt>\r\n \t
technique to help make sure information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
misattribution<\/dt>\r\n \t
memory error in which you confuse the source of your information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
misinformation effect paradigm<\/dt>\r\n \t
after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
mnemonic device<\/dt>\r\n \t
memory aids that help organize information for encoding<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
persistence<\/dt>\r\n \t
failure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
proactive interference<\/dt>\r\n \t
old information hinders the recall of newly learned information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
procedural memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
recall<\/dt>\r\n \t
accessing information without cues<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
recognition<\/dt>\r\n \t
identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
reconstruction<\/dt>\r\n \t
process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
rehearsal<\/dt>\r\n \t
repetition of information to be remembered<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
relearning<\/dt>\r\n \t
learning information that was previously learned<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
retrieval<\/dt>\r\n \t
act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
retroactive interference<\/dt>\r\n \t
information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
retrograde amnesia<\/dt>\r\n \t
loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
self-reference effect<\/dt>\r\n \t
tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
semantic encoding<\/dt>\r\n \t
input of words and their meaning<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
semantic memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
sensory memory<\/dt>\r\n \t
storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
short-term memory (STM)<\/dt>\r\n \t
holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
storage<\/dt>\r\n \t
creation of a permanent record of information<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
suggestibility<\/dt>\r\n \t
effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
transience<\/dt>\r\n \t
memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
visual encoding<\/dt>\r\n \t
input of images<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
absentmindedness<\/dt>\n
lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
acoustic encoding<\/dt>\n
input of sounds, words, and music<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
amnesia<\/dt>\n
loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
anterograde amnesia<\/dt>\n
loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
arousal theory<\/dt>\n
strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Atkinson-Shiffrin model<\/dt>\n
memory model that states we process information through three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
automatic processing<\/dt>\n
encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
bias<\/dt>\n
how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
blocking<\/dt>\n
memory error in which you cannot access stored information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
chunking<\/dt>\n
organizing information into manageable bits or chunks<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
construction<\/dt>\n
formulation of new memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
declarative memory<\/dt>\n
type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
effortful processing<\/dt>\n
encoding of information that takes effort and attention<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
elaborative rehearsal<\/dt>\n
thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
encoding<\/dt>\n
input of information into the memory system<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
engram<\/dt>\n
physical trace of memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
episodic memory<\/dt>\n
type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
equipotentiality hypothesis<\/dt>\n
some parts of the brain can take over for damaged parts in forming and storing memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
explicit memory<\/dt>\n
memories we consciously try to remember and recall<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
false memory syndrome<\/dt>\n
recall of false autobiographical memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
flashbulb memory<\/dt>\n
exceptionally clear recollection of an important event<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
forgetting<\/dt>\n
loss of information from long-term memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
implicit memory<\/dt>\n
memories that are not part of our consciousness<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
levels of processing<\/dt>\n
information that is thought of more deeply becomes more meaningful and thus better committed to memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
long-term memory (LTM)<\/dt>\n
continuous storage of information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

lobectomy<\/strong>
\na surgical procedure in which a lobe (a portion or in its entirety) is removed from the brain<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\n
memory<\/dt>\n
set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
memory-enhancing strategy<\/dt>\n
technique to help make sure information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
misattribution<\/dt>\n
memory error in which you confuse the source of your information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
misinformation effect paradigm<\/dt>\n
after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
mnemonic device<\/dt>\n
memory aids that help organize information for encoding<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
persistence<\/dt>\n
failure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
proactive interference<\/dt>\n
old information hinders the recall of newly learned information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
procedural memory<\/dt>\n
type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
recall<\/dt>\n
accessing information without cues<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
recognition<\/dt>\n
identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
reconstruction<\/dt>\n
process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
rehearsal<\/dt>\n
repetition of information to be remembered<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
relearning<\/dt>\n
learning information that was previously learned<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
retrieval<\/dt>\n
act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
retroactive interference<\/dt>\n
information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
retrograde amnesia<\/dt>\n
loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
self-reference effect<\/dt>\n
tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
semantic encoding<\/dt>\n
input of words and their meaning<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
semantic memory<\/dt>\n
type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sensory memory<\/dt>\n
storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
short-term memory (STM)<\/dt>\n
holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
storage<\/dt>\n
creation of a permanent record of information<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
suggestibility<\/dt>\n
effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
transience<\/dt>\n
memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
visual encoding<\/dt>\n
input of images<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":31,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/274"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2331,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/274\/revisions\/2331"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/31"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/274\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=274"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=274"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}