{"id":602,"date":"2020-06-10T18:28:43","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T18:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=602"},"modified":"2021-09-15T16:27:48","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T16:27:48","slug":"review-questions-for-emotion-and-motivation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/chapter\/review-questions-for-emotion-and-motivation\/","title":{"raw":"Review Questions for Emotion and Motivation","rendered":"Review Questions for Emotion and Motivation"},"content":{"raw":"<section id=\"fs-idm38202112\" class=\"review-questions\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp116307104\" class=\"\"><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp35755872\">\r\n\r\n<a id=\"EMquestions\"><\/a>Click <a href=\"\/intropsychneuro\/back-matter\/appendix-review-question-answers\/#EManswers\">here<\/a> for Answer Key\r\n\r\n<strong>Multiple Choice Questions<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">1<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Need for ________ refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idp50442720\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>achievement<\/li>\r\n \t<li>affiliation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>intimacy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>power<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp62211088\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp125904272\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">2<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ proposed the hierarchy of needs.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm61142320\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>William James<\/li>\r\n \t<li>David McClelland<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Abraham Maslow<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Albert Bandura<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm21754272\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp92635280\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">3<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is an individual\u2019s belief in their capability to complete some task.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm29662256\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>physiological needs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>self-esteem<\/li>\r\n \t<li>self-actualization<\/li>\r\n \t<li>self-efficacy<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm70773152\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm68562864\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">4<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Riley mows the yard of their elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm79250400\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>extrinsic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>intrinsic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>drive<\/li>\r\n \t<li>biological<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idp68297184\" class=\"review-questions\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp74921088\" class=\"\"><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm75208336\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm136342240\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">5<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is a chemical messenger secreted by fat cells that acts as an appetite suppressant.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm78482864\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>orexin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>angiotensin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>leptin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ghrelin<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm99406256\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm100872800\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">6<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm79178432\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>Prader-Willi syndrome<\/li>\r\n \t<li>morbid obesity<\/li>\r\n \t<li>anorexia nervosa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>bulimia nervosa<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm66834848\" class=\"\"><span class=\"os-number\" style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\" style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Animal research suggests that in male rats the ________ is critical for the ability to engage in sexual behaviour, but not for the motivation to do so.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm129254880\" class=\"review-questions\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm194458096\" class=\"\"><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm136617024\">\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idp29122048\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>nucleus accumbens<\/li>\r\n \t<li>amygdala<\/li>\r\n \t<li>medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>hippocampus<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm165626800\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm162018368\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">8<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, individuals experience rhythmic contractions of the pelvis that are accompanied by uterine contractions in those with vaginas and ejaculation in those with penises.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm161941824\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>excitement<\/li>\r\n \t<li>plateau<\/li>\r\n \t<li>orgasm<\/li>\r\n \t<li>resolution<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm147126736\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm139448912\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">9<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study?<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm117434048\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Females enjoy sex as much as males.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Homosexual behaviour is fairly common.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Masturbation has no adverse consequences.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm163965536\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm129330160\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">10<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then they could be classified as experiencing ________.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm111549856\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>homosexuality<\/li>\r\n \t<li>bisexuality<\/li>\r\n \t<li>asexuality<\/li>\r\n \t<li>gender dysphoria<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm33729136\" class=\"review-questions\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm27014176\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm31869024\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">11<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder have been shown to have reduced volumes of the ________.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idp22368224\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>amygdala<\/li>\r\n \t<li>hippocampus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>hypothalamus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>thalamus<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm12711264\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp19671792\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">12<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm103382160\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>James-Lange<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cannon-Bard<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Schachter-Singer two-factor<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Darwinian<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp87990016\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm10089904\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">13<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following is not one of the seven universal emotions described in this chapter?<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm25307040\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>contempt<\/li>\r\n \t<li>disgust<\/li>\r\n \t<li>melancholy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>anger<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp30509360\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm11009872\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">14<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following theories of emotion would suggest that polygraphs should be quite accurate at differentiating one emotion from another?<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\r\n<ol id=\"fs-idm85980512\" type=\"A\">\r\n \t<li>Cannon-Bard theory<\/li>\r\n \t<li>James-Lange theory<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Schachter-Singer two-factor theory<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Darwinian theory<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<section id=\"fs-idm30629424\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm42229040\" class=\"\"><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm38161936\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Critical Thinking Questions<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">15<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">How might someone espousing an arousal theory of motivation explain visiting an amusement park?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm66299760\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp29840\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">16<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Schools often use concrete rewards to increase adaptive behaviours. How might this be a disadvantage for students intrinsically motivated to learn? What are educational implications of the potential for concrete rewards to diminish intrinsic motivation for a given task?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm92518592\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm99915024\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm110932224\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">17<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">As indicated in this section, Caucasian women from industrialized, Western cultures tend to be at the highest risk for eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Why might this be?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm157378576\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm184016528\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm213045568\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">18<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">While much research has been conducted on how an individual develops a given sexual orientation, many people question the validity of this research citing that the participants used may not be representative. Why do you think this might be a legitimate concern?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm212891664\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm128911808\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">19<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">There is no reliable scientific evidence that gay conversion therapy actually works. What kinds of evidence would you need to see in order to be convinced by someone arguing that she had successfully converted her sexual orientation?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm253856\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm7887104\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp35333696\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">20<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Imagine you find a venomous snake crawling up your leg just after taking a drug that prevented sympathetic nervous system activation. What would the James-Lange theory predict about your experience?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp159491680\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm8954448\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">21<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Why can we not make causal claims regarding the relationship between the volume of the hippocampus and PTSD?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<section id=\"fs-idm30111360\" class=\"personal-application\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm5972848\" class=\"\"><section>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm18604144\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;font-size: 1em\">Personal Application Questions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><section id=\"fs-idm45190992\" class=\"personal-application\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp100401328\" class=\"\"><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm53771632\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">22<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Can you think of recent examples of how Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs might have affected your behaviour in some way?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm91093536\" class=\"personal-application\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm125865200\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm89555536\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">23<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Think about popular television programs on the air right now. What do the people in these programs look like?\u00a0 What kinds of messages do you think the media is sending about the people in our society?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm30111360\" class=\"personal-application\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm5972848\" class=\"\"><header><\/header><section>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm18604144\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"os-number\">24<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Think about times in your life when you have been absolutely elated (e.g., perhaps your school\u2019s basketball team just won a closely contested ballgame for the national championship) and very fearful (e.g., you are about to give a speech in your public speaking class to a roomful of 100 strangers). How would you describe how your arousal manifested itself physically? Were there marked differences in physiological arousal associated with each emotional state?<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/section>","rendered":"<section id=\"fs-idm38202112\" class=\"review-questions\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp116307104\" class=\"\">\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp35755872\">\n<p><a id=\"EMquestions\"><\/a>Click <a href=\"\/intropsychneuro\/back-matter\/appendix-review-question-answers\/#EManswers\">here<\/a> for Answer Key<\/p>\n<p><strong>Multiple Choice Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">1<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Need for ________ refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idp50442720\" type=\"A\">\n<li>achievement<\/li>\n<li>affiliation<\/li>\n<li>intimacy<\/li>\n<li>power<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idp62211088\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp125904272\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">2<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ proposed the hierarchy of needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm61142320\" type=\"A\">\n<li>William James<\/li>\n<li>David McClelland<\/li>\n<li>Abraham Maslow<\/li>\n<li>Albert Bandura<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm21754272\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp92635280\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">3<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is an individual\u2019s belief in their capability to complete some task.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm29662256\" type=\"A\">\n<li>physiological needs<\/li>\n<li>self-esteem<\/li>\n<li>self-actualization<\/li>\n<li>self-efficacy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm70773152\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm68562864\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">4<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Riley mows the yard of their elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm79250400\" type=\"A\">\n<li>extrinsic<\/li>\n<li>intrinsic<\/li>\n<li>drive<\/li>\n<li>biological<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idp68297184\" class=\"review-questions\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp74921088\" class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm75208336\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm136342240\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">5<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is a chemical messenger secreted by fat cells that acts as an appetite suppressant.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm78482864\" type=\"A\">\n<li>orexin<\/li>\n<li>angiotensin<\/li>\n<li>leptin<\/li>\n<li>ghrelin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm99406256\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm100872800\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">6<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">________ is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm79178432\" type=\"A\">\n<li>Prader-Willi syndrome<\/li>\n<li>morbid obesity<\/li>\n<li>anorexia nervosa<\/li>\n<li>bulimia nervosa<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm66834848\" class=\"\"><span class=\"os-number\" style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\" style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Animal research suggests that in male rats the ________ is critical for the ability to engage in sexual behaviour, but not for the motivation to do so.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm129254880\" class=\"review-questions\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm194458096\" class=\"\">\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm136617024\">\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idp29122048\" type=\"A\">\n<li>nucleus accumbens<\/li>\n<li>amygdala<\/li>\n<li>medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus<\/li>\n<li>hippocampus<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm165626800\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm162018368\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">8<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, individuals experience rhythmic contractions of the pelvis that are accompanied by uterine contractions in those with vaginas and ejaculation in those with penises.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm161941824\" type=\"A\">\n<li>excitement<\/li>\n<li>plateau<\/li>\n<li>orgasm<\/li>\n<li>resolution<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm147126736\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm139448912\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">9<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm117434048\" type=\"A\">\n<li>Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions.<\/li>\n<li>Females enjoy sex as much as males.<\/li>\n<li>Homosexual behaviour is fairly common.<\/li>\n<li>Masturbation has no adverse consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm163965536\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm129330160\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">10<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then they could be classified as experiencing ________.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm111549856\" type=\"A\">\n<li>homosexuality<\/li>\n<li>bisexuality<\/li>\n<li>asexuality<\/li>\n<li>gender dysphoria<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm33729136\" class=\"review-questions\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm27014176\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm31869024\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">11<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder have been shown to have reduced volumes of the ________.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idp22368224\" type=\"A\">\n<li>amygdala<\/li>\n<li>hippocampus<\/li>\n<li>hypothalamus<\/li>\n<li>thalamus<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm12711264\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp19671792\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">12<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm103382160\" type=\"A\">\n<li>James-Lange<\/li>\n<li>Cannon-Bard<\/li>\n<li>Schachter-Singer two-factor<\/li>\n<li>Darwinian<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idp87990016\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm10089904\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">13<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following is not one of the seven universal emotions described in this chapter?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm25307040\" type=\"A\">\n<li>contempt<\/li>\n<li>disgust<\/li>\n<li>melancholy<\/li>\n<li>anger<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idp30509360\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm11009872\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">14<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Which of the following theories of emotion would suggest that polygraphs should be quite accurate at differentiating one emotion from another?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"os-problem-container\">\n<ol id=\"fs-idm85980512\" type=\"A\">\n<li>Cannon-Bard theory<\/li>\n<li>James-Lange theory<\/li>\n<li>Schachter-Singer two-factor theory<\/li>\n<li>Darwinian theory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<section id=\"fs-idm30629424\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm42229040\" class=\"\">\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm38161936\">\n<p><strong>Critical Thinking Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">15<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">How might someone espousing an arousal theory of motivation explain visiting an amusement park?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm66299760\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp29840\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">16<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Schools often use concrete rewards to increase adaptive behaviours. How might this be a disadvantage for students intrinsically motivated to learn? What are educational implications of the potential for concrete rewards to diminish intrinsic motivation for a given task?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm92518592\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm99915024\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm110932224\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">17<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">As indicated in this section, Caucasian women from industrialized, Western cultures tend to be at the highest risk for eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Why might this be?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm157378576\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm184016528\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm213045568\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">18<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">While much research has been conducted on how an individual develops a given sexual orientation, many people question the validity of this research citing that the participants used may not be representative. Why do you think this might be a legitimate concern?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm212891664\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm128911808\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">19<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">There is no reliable scientific evidence that gay conversion therapy actually works. What kinds of evidence would you need to see in order to be convinced by someone arguing that she had successfully converted her sexual orientation?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm253856\" class=\"critical-thinking\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm7887104\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idp35333696\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">20<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Imagine you find a venomous snake crawling up your leg just after taking a drug that prevented sympathetic nervous system activation. What would the James-Lange theory predict about your experience?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idp159491680\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm8954448\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">21<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Why can we not make causal claims regarding the relationship between the volume of the hippocampus and PTSD?<\/span><\/p>\n<section id=\"fs-idm30111360\" class=\"personal-application\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm5972848\" class=\"\">\n<section>\n<p id=\"fs-idm18604144\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', serif;font-size: 1em\">Personal Application Questions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<section id=\"fs-idm45190992\" class=\"personal-application\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp100401328\" class=\"\">\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm53771632\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">22<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Can you think of recent examples of how Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs might have affected your behaviour in some way?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm91093536\" class=\"personal-application\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm125865200\" class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div id=\"fs-idm89555536\">\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">23<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Think about popular television programs on the air right now. What do the people in these programs look like?\u00a0 What kinds of messages do you think the media is sending about the people in our society?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"personal-application\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<header><\/header>\n<section>\n<div>\n<p><span class=\"os-number\">24<\/span><span class=\"os-divider\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Think about times in your life when you have been absolutely elated (e.g., perhaps your school\u2019s basketball team just won a closely contested ballgame for the national championship) and very fearful (e.g., you are about to give a speech in your public speaking class to a roomful of 100 strangers). How would you describe how your arousal manifested itself physically? Were there marked differences in physiological arousal associated with each emotional state?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":37,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/602"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2150,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/602\/revisions\/2150"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/37"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/602\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=602"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=602"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitaleditions.library.dal.ca\/intropsychneuro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}